What are the standards applicable to liquid penetrant testing?

ISO 3452-1:2013 specifies a method of penetrant testing used to detect discontinuities, e.g. cracks, laps, folds, porosity and lack of fusion, which are open to the surface of the material to be tested.

What is the prerequisite for a penetrant test?

The PCN requirements for Penetrant Level 1 are: 16 hours training, previous to the exam, and 1 month supervised work experience, to be obtained either before the examination, or within 24 months after passing the exam.

What is the main principle behind liquid penetrant testing?

The principle of liquid penetrant testing is that the liquid penetrant is drawn into the surface-breaking crack by capillary action and excess surface penetrant is then removed; a developer (typically a dry powder) is then applied to the surface, to draw out the penetrant in the crack and produce a surface indication.

What are the properties required for a good penetrant?

What are the required properties of a penetrant developer?

The material must be absorptive, to perform blotting action.
It must have a fine texture but not be too fine, as this may block imperfections.
For colour contrast penetrants it must mask out background contours and colours.
It must be easily and evenly applicable.

What is the disadvantage of liquid penetrant test?

Liquid penetrant testing has the following disadvantages: Extensive, time-taking pre-cleaning critical—surface contaminants can mask defects. Sensitive to surface-breaking defects only. Direct connection to the surface under test necessary.

What is dwell time in liquid penetrant testing?

Penetrant dwell time is the total time that the penetrant is in contact with the part surface. The dwell time is important because it allows the penetrant the time necessary to seep or be drawn into a defect. Dwell times are usually recommended by the penetrant producers or required by the specification being followed.

Which of the following is a function of a developer in liquid penetrant testing?

Developers. The role of the developer is to pull the trapped penetrant material out of defects and spread it out on the surface of the part so it can be seen by an inspector.

What is emulsifier in penetrant testing?

An emulsifier is an agent that enables removal of excess post emulsifiable penetrant on part surfaces with water. Proper emulsification and rinse times allow removal of excess surface penetrant while any penetrant in discontinuities is not removed.

What will be Behaviour of good penetrant?

Chemically inert – Penetrant materials must be as inert and non-corrosive as possible. Maximum sulphur, sodium and halogen levels are often specified by the nuclear and aerospace industries, to avoid the possibility of embrittlement or cracking. These must not dissolve the penetrant in defects.

What are the uses of liquid penetrant test?

Dye Penetrant Inspection (DPI) is widely used to detect surface breaking flaws. This non-destructive testing technique, also known as liquid penetrant inspection (LPI), is a cost-effective method used to locate surface breaking flaws such as cracks, porosity, laps, seams and other surface discontinuities.

Which penetrant method is easiest to use in the field?

Since visible dye penetrants do not require a darkened area for the use of an ultraviolet light, visible systems are more easy to use in the field. Solvent removable penetrants, when properly applied, can have the highest sensitivity and are very convenient to use.

What is developer in liquid penetrant inspection?

The purpose of a developer is to effectively pull the penetrant back out of a defect to allow it to be seen by an inspector. The action of pulling it back to the surface also allows the penetrant to spread along the surface around the defect, thus magnifying the strength of the indication.

What do you need to know about liquid penetrant testing?

Any liquid penetrant testing needs a test procedure. The ASTM E165 standard assists an ASNT level III liquid penetrant test specialist to prepare and write a test procedure. The procedure should be written to be fit with the material considered to be tested, expected defect, cost, and other factors.

Is the ASTM E165 standard for liquid penetrant testing?

Liquid Penetrant Testing in ASTM Liquid penetrant testing in ASTM refers to the ASTM E165 which is Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry. Please note this standard does not provide you with acceptance criteria. This provides guidance and information for conducting the liquid penetrant testing.

When is an elongated indication rejected in liquid penetrant?

Linear or elongated indication: all elongated indication are rejected regardless of the size. An indication is elongated or linear when its length is three times of its wide. As you see, there is more leeway for rounded indication.

Which is SAE code for liquid penetrant inspection?

For instance, Society of Automotive Engineers International have SAE AMS 2644 (Inspection Material, Penetrant), SAE AMS 2647B (SAE AS 3071A), SAE AMS 3161A (Oil, Odorless Heavy Solvent), SAE AS 3071A (Acceptance Criteria Fluorescent Penetrant) and SAE J 426 (Liquid Penetrant Test Methods, Information Report) Did you find this article useful?

What are the standards applicable to liquid penetrant testing? ISO 3452-1:2013 specifies a method of penetrant testing used to detect discontinuities, e.g. cracks, laps, folds, porosity and lack of fusion, which are open to the surface of the material to be tested. What is the prerequisite for a penetrant test? The PCN requirements for Penetrant…