What is Webino syndrome?

Wall-eyed bilateral inter nuclear ophthalmoplegia (WEBINO) is a rare disorder characterized by bilateral exotropia on primary gaze, bilateral inter nuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) and impaired convergence. It may also be associated with vertical gaze palsy, up-beat nystagmus and skew deviation.

What causes INO?

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) is a disorder of eye movements caused by a lesion in an area of the brain called the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF). The most common causes of INO are multiple sclerosis and brainstem infarction.

What is INO neurology?

Internuclear ophthalmoparesis (INO), also commonly referred to as internuclear ophthalmoplegia, is a specific gaze abnormality characterized by impaired horizontal eye movements with weak and slow adduction of the affected eye, and abduction nystagmus of the contralateral eye.

How is INO diagnosed?

Your doctor will ask you to focus on their nose, and then rapidly shift your gaze to a finger held out to the side. If the eye overshoots when turning to the side, it’s a sign of INO. You may also be tested for back-and-forth motion of the abducting eye (nystagmus).

What is eight and a half syndrome?

Eight-and-a-half syndrome describes a constellation of symptoms that occur due a lesion involving the abducens (cranial nerve (CN) VI) nucleus, the fascicular portion of the facial (CN VII) nerve, and the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF).

What does skew deviation mean?

vertical misalignment
Skew deviation is characterized as an acquired vertical misalignment of the eyes that is not due to any single muscle or ocular motor nerve. Skew is caused by damage to the prenuclear vestibular input (before it reaches the ocular motor nuclei) and can be caused by damage to the brainstem or cerebellar region.

What is a Disconjugate gaze?

Definition. Dysconjugate gaze is a failure of the eyes to turn together in the same direction.

What is one and a half syndrome?

One-and-a-half syndrome is a syndrome characterized by horizontal movement disorders of the eyeballs, which was first reported and named by Fisher in 1967. It presents a combination of ipsilateral conjugate horizontal gaze palsy (one) and ipsilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) (a half).

What is a normal conjugate gaze?

In conjugate gaze palsies, the two eyes cannot move in one direction (side to side, up, or down) at the same time. (See also Overview of the Cranial Nerves.

What is Webino syndrome? Wall-eyed bilateral inter nuclear ophthalmoplegia (WEBINO) is a rare disorder characterized by bilateral exotropia on primary gaze, bilateral inter nuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) and impaired convergence. It may also be associated with vertical gaze palsy, up-beat nystagmus and skew deviation. What causes INO? Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) is a disorder of eye movements…