What did Basil Bernstein Find out about speech codes?

impact on their attainment at school. Bernstein argued there are two types of language use, what he termed elaborated and restricted codes. Bernstein stressed how the language used in schools is mainly that of the elaborated code which is used by the middle-classes.

Was Basil Bernstein a Marxist?

While his work on pedagogic discourse and practice clearly did link the two, Bernstein never moved out of a Durkheimian position; rather, he incorporated the neo-Marxist and Weberian categories of class and power relations into his overall theory.

What is Bernstein restricted code?

A concept introduced by the English sociologist Basil Bernstein (1924–2000) to denote an informal use of language, linked to immediate situations (context bound), with a reduced semantic and syntactic range, supposedly characteristic of lower-working-class speakers, in contrast to middle-class speakers who have access …

What are language codes Bernstein?

The construct of elaborated and restricted language codes was introduced by Basil Bernstein in 1971, as a way of accounting for the relatively poor performance of working-class pupils on language-based subjects, when they were achieving as well as their middle-class counterparts on mathematical topics.

What did Basil Bernstein do?

Basil Bernstein (1924–2000) was a linguist and researcher at the Institute of Education, University of London, who put the case that the form of language use of working class (who speak a ‘restricted code’) as contrasted with middle class students (who speak an ‘elaborated code’), in part explained their comparative …

What is classification Bernstein?

Bernstein provides a language for the description of pedagogic discourse through the concepts of classification and framing. At a higher level of abstraction, classification refers to the social division of labour.

Who holds the restricted code according to Bernstein?

According to Bernstein (1971), a working class person communicates in restricted code as a result of the conditions in which they were raised and the socialisation process. The same is true for the middle class person with the exception that they were exposed to the elaborated code as well.

What is the restricted speech code?

Restricted speech code is a kind of shorthand speech, which Bernstein claimed is used by the working class and in more generality by married couples. This can involve not finishing sentences properly as there is a mutual understanding between the people having the conversation.

What do cultural deprivation theorists blame for differences in education?

Cultural Deprivation theory holds that some groups, such as the lower social classes, have inferior norms, values, skills and knowledge which prevent them from achieving in education. These explanations thus put the blame for working class underachievement on the working class families themselves.

What is the elaborated code?

elaborated code in British English (ɪˈlæbəˌreɪtɪd kəʊd) linguistics. a way of talking which is explicit and does not assume that the listener shares the same assumptions and understandings as the speaker.

How does restricted speech code cause underachievement?

The restricted code is used mainly by working class and may lead to underachievement because it uses limited vocabulary and simple short sentences, this makes working class pupils disadvantaged, as teachers, books and exams use the elaborated speech code typically used by the middle class.

Where did Basil Bernstein’s code theory come from?

Bernstein’s ‘code theory’ in the sociology of education has undergone considerable development since the early 1970s and now enjoys a growing influence in both education and linguistics, especially among systemic functional linguistics.

What did Basil Bernstein contribute to the study of language?

Basil Bernstein makes a significant contribution to the study of Communication with his sociolinguistic theory of language codes. Within the broader category of language codes are elaborated and restricted codes.

What does Basil Bernstein mean by horizontal knowledge structure?

A “horizontal knowledge structure” is defined as ‘a series of specialised languages with specialised modes of interrogation and criteria for the construction and circulation of texts’ (1999: 162), such as each of the disciplines of the humanities and social sciences.

What did Basil Bernstein mean by classification and framing?

The notion was codified first in terms of “classification” and “framing”, where classification conceptualises relations of power that regulate relations between contexts or categories, and framing conceptualises relations of control within these contexts or categories (1975).

What did Basil Bernstein Find out about speech codes? impact on their attainment at school. Bernstein argued there are two types of language use, what he termed elaborated and restricted codes. Bernstein stressed how the language used in schools is mainly that of the elaborated code which is used by the middle-classes. Was Basil Bernstein…