What is rainfall erosivity index?

Rainfall erosivity is the kinetic energy of raindrop’s impact and the rate of associated runoff. The R-factor is a multi-annual average index that measures rainfall’s kinetic energy and intensity to describe the effect of rainfall on sheet and rill erosion.

What is Erosivity index?

EI 30 is the most commonly used rainfall erosivity index, where E is the total kinetic energy per unit area during a precipitation event (MJ·ha–1) and I 30 is its peak 30-min intensity (mm·ha−1). It reduces the intensity of precipitation (or kinetic energy of raindrops) and its erosivity.

How do you calculate erosion index?

The erosion index (EI, also called the erodibility index) is created by dividing potential erosion (from all sources except gully erosion) by the T value, which is the rate of soil erosion above which long term productivity may be adversely affected.

What is erodibility and Erosivity?

Conceptually, rainfall erosivity is the capacity of rain to produce erosion, whereas soil erodibility is the susceptibility of the soil to be eroded. Particles travel across the soil surface at virtual velocities that vary from the velocity of the flow to near zero.

What has accelerated erosion?

Geologic erosion influences soil formation and distribution. Accelerated erosion results from the removal of natural vegetation by human activities such as farming, ranching, forestry, and construction. The production of agricultural and forest products can be affected by excessive erosion.

Why is rain kinetic energy?

The rainfall kinetic energy is one of the useful indicators in the potential ability of rainfall for separating soil particles from the soil surface. Basically, the rainfall kinetic energy results from the kinetic energy of individual raindrops that strikes the soil.

Which region has the highest amount of precipitation?

The regions of highest rainfall are found in the equatorial zone and the monsoon area of Southeast Asia. Middle latitudes receive moderate amounts of precipitation, but little falls in the desert regions of the subtropics and around the poles. Global distribution of mean annual rainfall (in centimetres).

Which soil is more resistant erosion?

Loamy sand, rich in particles between 10 and 100 microns in size, is the most vulnerable soil (Bagnold 1937). More clayey soil is much stickier, better-structured, and hence more resistant. Coarse sand and gravelly or rocky soils are also more resistant, since the particles are too heavy to be removed by wind erosion.

How is erosion measured?

There are four fundamental ways to measure erosion: (1) change in weight, (2) change in surface elevation, (3) change in channel cross section and (4) sediment collection from erosion plots and watersheds.

Which type of erosion is most highly visible?

In cultivation or pastures, advanced rill erosion can develop into gully erosion. This type of erosion is highly visible and affects soil productivity, restricts land use, and can damage roads, fences and buildings.

What factors exacerbated accelerated erosion?

Soil erosion is progressively limiting the availability of resources, threatening biodiversity, and affecting food production, and is accelerated by specific drivers such as climate change, land use/land cover changes, overgrazing, inappropriate farming procedures, or armed conflicts [19–23].

What are the three leading causes of accelerated soil erosion?

Accelerated erosion is largely the consequence of human activity. The primary causes are tillage, grazing, and cutting of timber. The rate of erosion can be increased by activities other than those of humans. Fire that destroys vegetation and triggers erosion has the same effect.

How to calculate the rainfall erosivity factor for your site?

To use this tool to estimate the rainfall erosivity factor for your site, you will need your project’s location (either latitude/longitude or address) and the estimated start and end dates of construction. The period of construction activity begins at initial earth disturbance and ends with final stabilization.

How is the erosivity of rain measured in Korea?

Over 20 years of actual rainfall erosivity data for 33 Korean weather stations calculated by high resolution precipitation data were used in this study. Correlation analyses between actual rainfall erosivity and eight rainfall parameters were investigated to identify appropriate estimators of rainfall erosivity.

How is annual precipitation used to estimate your factor?

In Asia, annual precipitation is often used to estimate the R factor for ( R )USLE modeling. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate models for estimating rainfall erosivity based on annual precipitation and to identify the most applicable model for Korea.

How is erosivity used in the agricultural world?

This study presents an historical review of the development of rainfall erosivity since the mid-1950s. Erosivity is used around the world for assessing and predicting rates of soil erosion on agricultural lands. The formulae for computing erosivity have changed over the years based on new scientific results.

What is rainfall erosivity index? Rainfall erosivity is the kinetic energy of raindrop’s impact and the rate of associated runoff. The R-factor is a multi-annual average index that measures rainfall’s kinetic energy and intensity to describe the effect of rainfall on sheet and rill erosion. What is Erosivity index? EI 30 is the most commonly…